Depression comes in many forms, and it often has no apparent cause. To be considered signs of depression , symptoms must last at least two weeks to present most days and last most of the day they occur. The symptoms of depression in people with bipolar disorder include at least five of the following :
depressed mood
The feelings of depression differs substantially from normal sadness. In fact , most of them say they are unable to be sad , and many can not cry. The fact of finding the ability to cry is often a sign of improvement.
Loss of interest or pleasure
In respect of operations: typically assessed
A person who begins to feel depressed or mildly depressed can still feel pleasure , and can enjoy pleasurable activities . This is not the case if it is severely depressed .
Loss or weight gain
Many depressed people lose weight , in part because of a loss of appetite. However, some patients have more appetite and desire to eat foods rich in carbohydrates and fat , which makes them gain weight. In addition, the metabolism can speed up or slow down, depending on the type of depression. This change may cause loss or weight gain.
Sleep Problems
Depression often causes sleep disturbance . Many depressed people suffer from insomnia : they have trouble falling asleep, wake up frequently during the night or get up early in the morning . They do not feel rested and wake up exhausted. Other people sleep more than usual, especially during the day and are suffering from hypersomnia .
Apathy or agitation
Often , depressed people move , speak or think more slowly. In severe cases , they may be unable to move, speak and react to their surroundings . For others, it's the opposite : they are very agitated and confused by an intense inner excitement . They can not sit still , they are pacing and wringing their hands. Their agitation can also occur in other ways. These people often feel intense anxiety .
Energy loss
Depressed people have trouble going about their daily work . They need more time to complete their work or at home because they lack energy and motivation.
Depreciation and culpabilitié
Depressed people may lack confidence. They are unable to assert themselves and feel a deep sense of worthlessness . Often, they are obsessed with the events of their past. They can not stop thinking that they have disappointed their surroundings or regret having said certain things and they feel very guilty . In severe cases , this guilt can cause delusions , for example , the person is convinced of sin and need to be punished for his misbehavior . She may think that God is punishing them for mistakes it has made .
Inability to concentrate or make decisions
These symptoms can be so severe that the person can not concentrate on simple tasks , or make decisions about them.
suicidal thoughts
Depressed people often think that life is not worth living, or whether it would be better dead . They are then likely to respond to these thoughts and, indeed , they often attempt suicide .
psychotic symptoms
The person may mistakenly believe she is poor, she is punished for his sins , or that it is suffering from a deadly disease like cancer. It may also hear voices (auditory hallucinations) or seeing things that are not there ( visual hallucinations) . Depression often manifests :
intense anxiety
concerns about trivial things
physical symptoms , including pain
various physical symptoms resulting in repeated consultation with the family doctor
Other symptoms of a bipolar episode
Some patients with bipolar disorder may have engine problems during their episodes . These problems affect 25 to 100 depressed patients and up to 28 100 patients through a mixed or manic episode. These motor problems are called " catatonic symptoms." These symptoms vary and may include extreme agitation or, conversely , slow movements. Sometimes the patient makes movements or adopt unusual postures. It is impossible to slow or impassive to the point of refusing to open his mouth to eat, drink or talk. His physical health was seriously threatened. In most cases, treatment eliminates catatonic symptoms .
These symptoms pose a risk of misdiagnosis because they are primarily associated with schizophrenia rather than bipolar disorder.
Comorbidity and its importance
A " comorbid " is a disease or a condition that occurs in conjunction with another . Bipolar disorder can be accompanied by a comorbid disorder , which is triggered before or at the same time . Experts do not know why some disorders often accompany bipolar disorder, while others never occur . The severity of comorbid disorder may evolve over the years, and its symptoms can also vary depending on the development of bipolar disorder.
For example , one of the most common comorbid disorders is the abuse of drugs or alcohol .
Some people who have a drinking problem can drink excessively during manic episodes , or trying to take drugs because they are impulsive and have a sense of freedom . Sometimes they drink or take drugs during depressive states also , to relieve their symptoms of depression. These people do not necessarily abuse alcohol or drugs during the periods when they feel good .
Other psychiatric disorders that often accompany bipolar disorder
panic Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
binge eating disorder
abuse of drugs or alcohol
It is important to diagnose comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Comorbid conditions may obscure the clinical picture and complicate the treatment of bipolar disorder. In addition , severity is often such that they also require treatment.
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